The Arecibo Message

In 1974, the Arecibo Message  was sent into space via radio-waves from the Arecibo Observatory. It is a basic message denoting the lives and actions of mankind, and it is said to be easily decipherable by any sufficiently advanced life-form. Though it was sent in the hopes of discovering alien life, the Arecibo Message is an instrumental piece of the puzzle behind uncovering the secrets of Anonymous;Code’s world.

Description
Frank Drake, then at Cornell University and creator of the Drake equation, wrote the message with help from Carl Sagan and others. The Arecibo message was meant as a demonstration of human technological achievement, rather than a real attempt to enter into a conversation with extraterrestrials. In fact, the core of M13, to which the message was aimed, will no longer be in that location when the message arrives. However, as the proper motion of M13 is small, the message will still arrive near the center of the cluster.

The message consists of seven parts that encode the following (from the top down): The message consisted of 1,679 binary digits, approximately 210 bytes, transmitted at a frequency of 2,380 MHz and modulated by shifting the frequency by 10 Hz, with a power of 450 kW. The "ones" and "zeros" were transmitted by frequency shifting at the rate of 10 bits per second. The total broadcast was less than three minutes.
 * The numbers one (1) to ten (10) (white)
 * The atomic numbers of the elements hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus, which make up deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (purple)
 * The formulas for the sugars and bases in the nucleotides of DNA (green)
 * The number of nucleotides in DNA, and a graphic of the double helix structure of DNA (white & blue)
 * A graphic figure of a human, the dimension (physical height) of an average man, and the human population of Earth (red, blue/white, & white respectively)
 * A graphic of the Solar System indicating which of the planets the message is coming from (yellow)
 * A graphic of the Arecibo radio telescope and the dimension (the physical diameter) of the transmitting antenna dish (purple, white, and blue)

The number 1,679 was chosen because it is a semiprime (the product of two prime numbers), to be arranged rectangularly as 73 rows by 23 columns. The alternative arrangement, 23 rows by 73 columns, produces an unintelligible set of characters (as do all other X/Y formats).